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United Egg Producers
United Egg Producers (UEP) is a Capper–Volstead agricultural cooperative in the United States which represents the interests of American egg producers.
==History==
Egg producer's concern over the volatility of prices due to overproduction during the early 1960s was the impetus for the creation of UEP.〔Starr 1975, p. 151.〕 To combat these intermittent price fluctuations, producers began by coordinating egg production through several regional marketing associations, including the Northwest Egg Producers (NWEP); the Western Egg Company (WESTCO); the Southwest Egg Producers (SWEP); the National Egg Company (NECO), which focused on the Southeastern United States; and the Northeast Egg Marketing Association (NEMA).〔Hanke 1974, p. 628-680.〕 This approach was unsuccessful in coordinating interregional egg production, and as a result, instability continued. Hence, NWEP, WESTCO, SWEP, NECO, and NEMA came together to form UEP as the first national association of egg farmers on October 19, 1968.〔Hanke 1974, p. 675-676.〕 UEP’s five member associations tasked the new organization with three primary objectives, including 1) monitoring and controlling egg prices, 2), providing national leadership to American egg farmers and 3) developing marketing plans.〔Hanke 1974, p. 675-676.〕
UEP made great strides in accomplishing each of these tasks within its first decade in existence. In May 1971, UEP helped establish the nonprofit corporation responsible for determining and setting the market value of eggs known as the Egg Clearing House, Inc. (ECI).〔Jasper 1974, p. 342-345.〕 The creation of this organization effectively shifted the responsibility of monitoring and controlling egg prices from UEP to the ECI. In April 1973, UEP acted on its marketing responsibility by creating the American Egg Board, which encourages the consumption of eggs and egg products through the publication of nutritional information and advertising.〔Wilhelm 1974, p. 504-534.〕 In 1978, UEP hired the law firm of McLeod, Watkinson & Miller to represent UEP’s interests in Washington D.C.〔Smith 2007, p. 19.〕 and founded the United Egg Association Political Action Committee (EggPAC), which gave contributions to candidates running for state and national offices.〔Skinner 1976, p. 54.〕
UEP’s first foray into creating animal welfare standards occurred during the 1980s. In June 1982, in collaboration with the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS), UEP developed a set of animal welfare guidelines and published them in a pamphlet entitled “Recommended Guidelines of Husbandry Practices for Humane Handling.”〔Lovenheim 1983, p. 16-17.〕 The following year, UEP returned to their primary objectives by setting up a subsidiary organization for companies that break and further process eggs, known as United Egg Association Further Processors (UEAFP).〔UEP 2004, "UEA Further Processors."〕 For the rest of this decade, UEP focused primarily on managing its many subsidiaries, dealing with consumer health concerns,〔Watson 1985.〕〔Eshleman 1987, p. A01〕〔Doran 1987, p. 10〕〔"'Fishy' Eggs May Cut Heart Risk" 1988, p. D12〕〔Levinson 1989, p. 9〕〔Wilstein 1989, p. B5〕 and attempting to stabilize the American egg market.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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